In this research, a systematic investigation was carried out to determine kinetics of HDS reaction of Iranian gas condensate using a commercial catalyst (Co-Mo/  g -Al2O3). In this way, process conditions were optimized. Experiments were carried out in a trickle bed micro reactor (10 cc catalyst) at 280-3400C, 40-50 bar, Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 1-5 h –1, H2/Oil ratio of 125 nl/l. Prior to the kinetics tests, by some basic tests, mass transfer effects on chemical reactions were evaluated, and it is found that pore diffusion and film diffusion resistances have a slight effect on the kinetics of chemical reaction, within the operating conditions. Hence, kinetics of HDS reaction was determined by using thiophene as a reference sulfur component, in the form of power low model. The results indicated that thiophene HDS reaction order in gas condensate feed was 1.3. Also, HDS reaction activation energy was determined to be 77.55 kj/mol. The results of this kinetics model and its simulation can use in optimization of HDS units process conditions and prediction of product specifications with new feeds and different process conditions. It is also useful for designing the reactor of new HDS plants.

Introduction: According to the extent of the oil and gas industry and their role in environmental pollution, developing a strategic plan to improve environmental performance is essential. Therefore action taken to reduce environmental effects to acceptable range and within the rules and regulations about the environment is studied. Advanced methodologies should be used to achieving a certain level of reliability. Therefore to reduce the environmental aspects and impacts in various industries, especially oil and gas industry, the new strategy must be established.Materials and methods: The purpose of this research is to develop environmental strategies in oil and gas SOUTH PARS 2. this research can be a base to Develop an appropriate strategic management program in order to comply with environmental laws and regulations further provide for similar plants in the region.Results and discussion: The evaluation matrix results show that internal and external factors of studied refinery have more strengths than weaknesses and are more opportunities than threats. So this company should follow strategy and procedures to omit threats and minimize weaknesses. Finally, we selected 11 strategies and graded them, that region environmental conditions improvement strategy with a score of 6.23 and revising and reforming strategy of management programs and minimizing environment pollutants of the region with a score of 5.23, and the strategy of development and improvement the quality of wastewater and solid wastewater and solid waste management using environmental new technologies with score of 5.01 priorized respectively as the top environmental strategies.Conclusion: Findings and results indicate the position of the organization is a competitive position and it must apply strategies, maintaining, and stability, in ordr to reduce environmental damages.

In this paper we provide an introduction to real options in valuing investment projects. Since one of the real options applications is valuing oil and gas development projects with high uncertainty and considerable investment costs, in this research we have performed valuation of selected phases of "SOUTH PARS" gas field development project. "SOUTH PARS" gas field as the greatest independent gas field in the world is shared between Iran and Qatar and contains approximately half of the gas reserves of Iran. Based on the results of the model, using real options approach to valuing this project as compared to traditional valuation methods such as discounted cash flow, increases the project value meanwhile there is the possibility to identify optimal time of development.

Withdrawal of oil and gas from reservoirs causes a decrease in pore pressure and an increase in effective stress which results to a reservoir compaction. Reservoir compaction will result in surface subsidence through the elastic response of the subsurface. Usually in order to determine the subsidence above a hydrocarbon field, the reservoir compaction must be first calculated and then the effect of this compaction on the surface should be modeled. The use of the uniaxial compaction theory is more prevalent and an accepted method for determining the amount of reservoir compaction. But despite of the reservoir compaction calculation method, there are many methods with different advantages and shortcomings for modeling of surface subsidence. In this study, a simple analytical method and semi¬-analytical methods (AEsubs software) were used for modeling of the surface subsidence of the SOUTH PARS gas field at the end of the production period.

Background and aims: Safety in companies related to oil and gas is very important. Hence, the purpose of current study is to assess safety culture using behavioural and environmental forms in staffs of SOUTH PARS Gas Company.Methods: Totally, 1000 participants were randomly selected for this descriptive study from different parts of SOUTH PARS Gas Company. After selection of participants, demographic data were collected from each participant and behavioural and environmental forms based on Geller model were completed for all individuals through interview.Results: Totally, one hundred persons with mean age of 30.33±4.59 years participated in this study. Findings from behavioural form showed that safety status is in an appropriate condition, although some safety items in this form should be paid more attention. Findings from environmental form showed that this company not have appropriate function in some items including education, first aids, equipment safety, chemical substances, pressured cylinders, lighting, sound, vibration, atmospheric condition and ergonomics. Therefore, an appropriate plan is necessary to promote safety culture for these items.Conclusion: This study showed a good condition for behavioural safety status of SOUTH Gas company staffs, but no appropriate condition was seen for environmental safety status.Therefore, this condition should be more attention by the company's managers.

Traditional Budgeting Method is the main practice in SPGC, but due to legal obligations more up to date Performance Based Budgeting Methods should be used. Since Activity Based Costing Method has been implemented in the company, using Activity Based Budgeting Method sounds quite reasonable. Three major groups – Financial bureau staff, IT staff and company managers – filled their corresponding Likert Scale questionnaires to validate seven main and eleven secondary parameters affecting the implementation of this method.

In many explored gas reservoirs in the word, which are considered as gas-gas condensate reservoirs, many surface facilities receive the gas as well as hydrocarbon condensates and water. Condensates cause slugs in a pipeline. The slugs, which are an aggregate of fluids, cause many problems in multiphase pipelines. Therefore, in order to separate condensates, slug catchers are normally used. A slug catcher is necessary equipment at the entry of a multi-phase flow processing factory. The specific performance of a slug catcher is the separation of gas and liquid phases and temporary storage of the liquids. In this paper, we recommend a method for designing finger type slug catchers, based on two phase flow in principles. Then, using the proposed method, we design a slug catcher for the two present phases in the SOUTH PARS gas field. At the end, by considering condensate recovery and economical investigation of the suggested slug catchers, we choose the optimum slug catcher for these two phases. Among the most important results of this investigation, we can mention an efficient pattern for designing finger type slug catchers and the selection of the optimum one. Using this pattern is recommended for a proper design and reduction of time and costs.

In this study, in order to evaluate the geochemical characterization of Kangan Formation in well B in SOUTH PARS Gas Field, geochemical analysis (including preliminary and complementary analysis such as Rock-Eval Pyrolysis, extraction of organic matter (EOM), bitumen fractionation, Gas chromatography and Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) were carried out on core samples. Geochemical results reveal that these samples have kerogen type III and II, indicating a marine organic matter with a little terrestrial input. The organic matter of these samples was derived from source rock (s), with clastic-carbonate lithology which deposited under anoxic to subanoxic conditions. In addition, the above samples exhibt poor to moderate genetic potential with kerogen maturity at the beginning of oil generation (late diagenesis to early catagsnesis). Also, based on column chromatography, the above samples are mainly composed of paraffinic-naphthenic and paraffinic hydrocarbons. A negligible amount of hydrocarbons seems to have been generated locally from Kangan Formation.